Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering

Highlights
    Nd doping enhances the frequency-dependent dielectric properties of 1-y) Bi1-xNdxFeO3-yPbTiO3 solid solutions with x = 0.05 to 0.20 at intervals of 0.05 and y = 0.1 to 0.4.
    Dielectric anomalies were more noticeable around the transition temperature, which suggests stronger magnetoelectric interactions.
    As Nd content increases, temperature-dependent dielectric permittivity predicts relaxor-type ferroelectric performance for y = 0.4 composition of solid solutions.
    With increased Nd doping, all P-E loops exhibit a pinning effect that may be connected to the samples' ability to store energy.
    Nd doping effectively reduces leakage current by about four orders of magnitude. It significantly broadens its applicability in devices requiring stable, efficient, and low-power electrical performance
 

Highlights
- Considering the effect of annealing temperature on the mechanical and metallurgical
properties of the sample of 2 layers of aluminum and magnesium and obtaining the most
ideal conditions for the annealing process
- Numerical analysis of the effect of annealing temperature on mechanical and metallurgical
properties by MEUD software and analysis of the changes in the density of dislocations
- An analysis of the effect of annealing temperature on the layer strength of 2-layer samples
and comparison with base sheets with the aim of the possibility of industrial use of 2-layer
sheets

                             Cobalt thin films prepared by evaporation under vacuum.
                        The crystallite size and cell parameters increase with thickness.
                        c/a ratio greater than the bulk value.
                        The films are under a tensile stress.
                        c/a ratio increases with crystallite size.
                        The films are very smooth, the rms roughness range being 0.2-1.5 nm.
                               
 

•    The effect of calcination time was studied on the properties of TiO2/ZnO composite.
•    Increasing calcination time can increase agglomeration of TiO2/ZnO particles.  
•    By increasing calcination time, antibacterial activities of TiO2/ZnO decreases.

 

1.    Tellurite glass containing nanoparticles showed good performance after gamma irradiation holds promise as a viable alternative to current technologies.

2.    The simulation results indicated that the half-value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) increased post-irradiation and then remained constant. 

3.    Utilizing simulation programs for material testing against radiation allows comprehensive monitoring of variables and results.
 

Highlights:

•    The reduction in interlamellar spacing of Fe3C within the pearlite phase enhances the tensile properties of SUP9 steel
•    SUP9 steel is suitable for leaf spring component due to its high yield-to-ultimate strength ratio, which indicates excellent plastic deformation capability
•    Cracks propagate faster in the longitudinal-transverse (LT) orientation than in the transverse-longitudinal (TL) orientation
•    The role of non-metallic inclusions, such as MnS precipitates and spherical oxides, in facilitating crack growth


 

Highlights
1-    The role of castor folate ester in the architectural integrity of niosomal lipid bilayers
2-    The esterification of castor oil with folic acid to encapsulate doxorubicin hydrochloride
3-    Controlled and sustained drug release profile of the niosomes
4-    Biocompatible nature of the niosomes by interactions with L929 fibroblast cells
 

•    The weld metal (WM) dendritic structure depends more on the heating/cooling regime than on the pre-cold work. The PCGTAW process resulted in a significantly refined dendritic structure despite the same heat input as the GTAW process. 
•    The GTAWed sample with 25% pre-cold work displays the sharpest peaks with the smallest full width at half maximum (FWHM), indicating larger grain sizes and less lattice strain. 
•    The PCGTAW sample exhibits the broadest peaks among the three samples, indicating the smallest grain sizes in the weld metal revealing a higher cooling rate compared to the GTAWed sample at the same heat input value.
•    No significant peak shifts are observed between the samples, suggesting that the lattice parameters remain relatively constant despite the different processing conditions.
•    The tensile test results consistently demonstrate that fractures occurred within the weld zone (WZ), while the PCGTAWed sample shows the highest strength of 766 MPa.
•    Pre-cold working does not affect the weld metal hardness and fracture mode, while it increases the hardness of Base metal, resulting in higher strength of the joint.

 

•    Fabrication of rGO/α-Fe2O3 and rGO/TiO2 nanocomposites by hydrothermal method.
•    Uniform distribution of the metal oxide nanoparticles on the rGO sheets. 
•    ASC device consist of rGO/α-Fe2O3 as negative and rGO/TiO2 as positive electrode.
•    Hybrid ASC with superior capacitive behavior and impressive cycling stability. 
•    ASC device with expanded working potential window and improved energy density. 

 

Highlights of the article ((Antibacterial Activity and Microstructure properties of Copper Oxide particles Doped with Cadmium Prepared by Chemical Precipitation Method))
•    Synthesis of CuO and CuO:Cd Nanoparticles: Copper oxide (CuO) and cadmium-doped copper oxide (CuO:Cd) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a simple chemical precipitation method, a widely recognized approach for fabricating nanoparticles with controlled sizes.
•    Structural Characterization: The structural properties of CuO and CuO:Cd nanoparticles were thoroughly investigated using advanced techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD analysis confirmed that both CuO and CuO:Cd exhibit a monoclinic crystal structure.
•    Impact of Cd Doping on Crystallite Size: The doping of cadmium ions into the CuO lattice resulted in a reduction of crystallite size, as indicated by the Scherrer equation. The crystallite size decreased from 10.75 nm for pure CuO to 8.47 nm for CuO doped with 0.274 molar concentration of cadmium. This reduction in crystallite size enhances the nanoparticle's surface area and promotes better interaction with bacterial cells.
•    Morphological Analysis and Particle Distribution: SEM micrographs revealed that both CuO and CuO:Cd nanoparticles exhibit a spherical morphology with uniform distribution. The size of the particles decreased as the concentration of Cd increased, with agglomeration becoming more noticeable at higher Cd concentrations.
•    Enhanced Antibacterial Activity: The antibacterial properties of CuO and CuO:Cd nanoparticles were evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The results showed that the antibacterial activity was notably enhanced in CuO:Cd nanoparticles compared to pure CuO. The inhibition zones for both Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) increased with higher Cd concentrations and smaller particle sizes, demonstrating the potential of these nanoparticles as effective antibacterial agents.
•    Mechanism of Antibacterial Action: The enhanced antibacterial activity is attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the electrostatic interaction between the positively charged CuO:Cd nanoparticles and the negatively charged bacterial cell membranes. The ROS generated by the nanoparticles can damage the bacterial DNA, proteins, and cell membranes, leading to bacterial cell death.
•    Statistical Analysis and Validation: Error bars were included in the antibacterial activity results to show the standard deviation, ensuring the reliability and reproducibility of the data. Further statistical analysis such as ANOVA or t-tests is recommended to confirm the significance of the antibacterial results.
•    Potential Applications in Medicine and Industry: The findings suggest that CuO:Cd nanoparticles have great potential for use in various biomedical applications, such as wound healing and disinfection, as well as in industrial applications that require antibacterial properties. Their enhanced antibacterial efficacy compared to traditional antibiotics makes them a promising candidate for future development.
•    Future Research Directions: The study highlights the need for further research into the environmental impact and toxicity of Cd-doped CuO nanoparticles. Future studies should focus on optimizing the synthesis process, exploring a wider range of Cd concentrations, and investigating the mechanism of action more thoroughly. Additionally, evaluating the potential toxicity of these nanoparticles for safe applications in medical and industrial settings is essential.
 

    A modern technique i.e. Powder Physical vapor deposition (PPVD) has been employed to deposit and dope Titania, in order to evaluate the physical, mechanical, optical and electrical characteristics.
     The crystallite size of the doped titania increased with increased concentration of the dopants.
    Similarly, the electrical and optical characteristics were also improved with the increased dopant concentration.
    The enhancement of electrical and optical properties is contributed by the formation of barrier layer surrounding the grains, which in return increases the conductivity of the doped TiO2 thin layers sample.
    For producing a dense thin layer structure for optical and electrical based applications, PPVD has been found to be an attractive technique.
 

•    Newfound foam-like Nickel-Tungsten/Graphene oxide coating as a catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with different content of graphene oxide was synthesized.
•    By increasing the amount of GO nanosheets in the coating and enhancing the porosity, the electrochemically active surface area increased more than 10 times. 
•    The FTIR analysis reveals that GO is reduced during electroplating. 
•    Composite with a content of 0.4 g/L graphene oxide has the highest catalytic activity.